At some point exercise would in fact make you worse at any age, and especially as you get older there is more of a limit to its benefit. Bodybuilding is a separate thing entirely so I don’t know why you brought that up.
But it’s not like you have a set number of repairs built into your body. You can heal over and over and over until aging overcomes that ability. Some of what you think of as “repair” is simply the normal turn over of cells in various tissues which happens whether you get injured or not. There are specific things that happen in repair too, but the mechanism is more or less the same. Stem cells make new cells. New cells replace the damaged one. New proteins are made to replace the ones that were lost.
Aging is the slow accumulated damage and destruction of various genes that run this whole show, from regular maintenance to tissue strength, immune system function, digestion, nerve transmission etc.
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