There’s a difference between the possible colors that a single wavelength of light can produce (monochromatic light), and the possible colors that we can see.
You can mix “pure” colors of single wavelengths to make a new color that your eyes can see.
The single-wavelength colors make up the spectrum you described. The other colors are a mix.
The image below shows the colors we can see. The line around the outside is made up of the “pure” monochromatic colors. Draw a line connecting two of those colors to see what they can create when mixing.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/PlanckianLocus.png/1280px-PlanckianLocus.png
Edit: Purple doesn’t connect back to red. The color wheel is a lie.
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