The sun produces a TON of light, but it does become less dense by the time it gets to Earth.
When the light gets to Earth, it hits whatever’s in its path and then scatters in tons of directions. Most of it reflects back off into the sky, but some bounces sideways a bit onto other surfaces. This little bit isn’t as bright, so it can’t fully illuminate the shadows where the sun’s light didn’t originally hit, but it can light it up a little which changes the shade. This light will eventually bounce away into the sky again too.
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