Things that are clumped together like to spread out. Like if you blow air into a balloon and don’t tie it closed, the air will rush out because it doesn’t like being forced together with so much other air
Your kidneys use this strategy to filter things from your blood. If there are very few vitamins in your blood, the vitamins you have will be happy to stay there because it isn’t too crowded. If you take a bunch of vitamins and there starts to be too much of them, they will want to spread out. They spread out by going into your bladder and then coming out in your urine
In the simplest ELI5 terms, if you have too much of a vitamin in your blood it will want to leave. If you have low amounts in your blood it will be happy to stay
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