Dopamine itself can’t be administered orally due to its poor absorption- it has to be administered intravenously, which isn’t something normally left to a patient.
Many drugs have this limitation. One of the most daunting tasks in drug development is getting a pharmaceutical through the gastrointestinal system and the woodchipper that is the human liver without losing its effectiveness. IV administration bypasses this to an extent.
IV dopamine is also only used to treat specific medical conditions, and dosing is very important to avoid negative secondary effects throughout the body. So medical supervision is critical.
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