Neanderthals and Humans are both the same species. We are both Homo-sapiens. We are different sub-species Neanderthals being Homo-sapiens Neanderthalensis and modern Humans being Homo-sapiens Sapiens. It is akin to Dogs and Wolves with Dogs being Canus Familaris and wolves being Canus Lupis. They are different subspecies but are still able to reproduce.
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