If the ball is caught, the runner has to touch the base he started on before the pitch was thrown. If the ball is thrown back before he gets there he can also be called out.
Example: long high flyball and the runner goes from first to third; the ball is caught. If the ball reaches first base before the runner gets back, it’s now 2 outs instead of 1.
Staying close to base allows you to tag the base and then try to run to the next one before the ball gets there. Or at least stay and not be called out.
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