The mask prevents a lot of your own saliva from spreading into the air around you when you sneeze or cough, which has the bacteria in it. Note that it’s not completely stopping it because the air is moving over, under and sideways anyway so don’t go out if you’re sick, but it helps. Because you mainly breath the air coming from over the mask, it doesn’t stop other people’s germs from coming in. The mask also most likely doesn’t have any sort of filter to clean the air coming in through it, so the bacteria remains in the air you breathe.
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