The main benifit is the concentration of carbon dioxide. As people breath, they exhale more CO2 than they inhale, causing the CO2 concentration of the room to increase. Elavated levels of CO2 cause “stuffy” air, (temporary) cognitive decline, headaches, drowsiness, and, in extreme cases, permanent brain damage and death.
Fresh air also helps keep the concentration of polutants low. For instance, if someone in a room has a resporitory infection (such as a choronavirus), they may be exhaling infectious virus into the air. By bringing in fresh air, you push out some of the virus in the old air, reducing the liklyhood of infecting someone else who enters the room.
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