There is, actually. It’s called stretch release tape. I’ve only seen it used for mounting LCD panels in laptops, though.
The tape consists of very stretchy rubber with adhesive on both sides, and you need to leave a small tab exposed which can be grabbed when it’s time to release it. Pulling on this tab stretches the tape to many times its length, and the point where it starts to stretch loses adhesion. As you slowly pull it out from under the glued object, eventually all of it becomes detached.
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