Molecular bonds between the materials.
Some things get a little cozy together, and the edges of their molecules attract a bit. This gets you things that are a little sticky. Gecko feet on windows is an example, as are most weak tapes.
Others react with contact and become part of each other. This leads to very strong bonds, think industrial epoxies and superglue.
The stickiness of the adhesive is caused by molecular bonds, and its strength depends on how much stress is needed to pull those bonds apart. Every substance contains molecules that have a positive or negative charge. For two substances to bond, their opposing charges need to be attracted to each other in the exact amount of charge. When the glue dries over a surface, it hardens, causing the molecules to stick together.
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