A digital picture is made up of little pixels. Each pixel is a dot of light and as they are put together they form the entire image. If you have just a few pixels it is either a very tiny image or it looks very blocky. As you get more pixels you can either have the image larger or more defined.
A 12 megapixel camera has 12 million of these dots. That means you can have an image that prints out very nice on a screen or on paper.
That’s not the only measure though. The camera can record a lot of dots of the image if it doesn’t do a very good job with them it’ll still look bad. Some cameras don’t get very good colors or they’re blurry. You could have a very large picture that still looks bad.
Some cameras catch all those pixels on a tiny little sensor. A higher-quality camera will use a bigger sensor that is much more expensive.
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