Our body produces a coating that can resist the acid. Normally your stomach is coated in this layer to protect it from digesting itself. Once your stomach contents leave and go into the intestines other organs release neutralizing compounds to reduce the acidity and protect the intestines from the acid.
Your esophagus, nose, and mouth are somewhat protected but less so considering acid isn’t meant to go *that way*. Generally speaking, they are protected enough to handle *some* vomit. But repeated exposure to stomach acid from various illnesses like reflux or bulimia can cause permanent damage like an eroded esophagus or even some cancers. Trust me, it happens and it’s nasty. Get stomach disorders treated folks.
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