Since, the notes in music theory (A-G) are cyclic, how do tell which key is higher and which one lower?
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Perhaps you’re thinking of cases where a tune suddenly shifts up one or two semitones but continues with the same or similar melody, technically known as “modulating by step.” In this case the new key is higher than the old because it’s only one or two steps around the twelve-step cycle of keys; it’s more sensible to consider it one step up than eleven steps down. And, of course, The actual notes being played are a semitone higher, not eleven semitones lower.
But if you had a shift from C to F or G then it’s not so clear whether the shift is up or down and it doesn’t really matter anyway.
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