“Best for gaming” isn’t really a thing. Either a cable will work correctly or it will not. A cable that does not work correctly is either being used for a purpose it is not suited (eg: gigabit over cat5) or is defective and needs replacing. Cat5 will do you just fine if your internet connection is 100 megabits or slower and you don’t need the speed for local LAN stuff either.
The higher the category of the cable, the higher the quality and the cable for the purpose of sending quality electrical signals over long distances. Generally increases in specifications will involve the numbers of twists per inch (and this can vary for each individual pair of cables), separation of the cables, thickness and types of the wires, etc. Obviously there are more differences but if you were to take apart cables this is what you would notice.
Others have already listed other types of network cable that exist and their usefulness. There is a CAT6a spec that is used for 10 Gigabits/second up to 100 meters (~328 feet). Still that doesn’t see much use because as you get to that point fiber-optic cables make a lot of sense in their place.
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