The USSR under Stalin was exposed to a lot of propaganda and facts were conveniently altered, so how did historians decide what was likely the truth about that time period?
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There is no real answer to this question, having access to the Soviet archives is the closest, but the Stalin period is still heavily debated to this day. In the last 15 or so years there’s been a major shift to a revisionist view of Stalin, essentially seeing him as only one (albeit large) factor in a governmental machine where he still had to work within the bounds of party politics, compared to the previous totalitarian view in which he ruled the USSR as a virtual fiefdom.
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