The screwdriver was the only thing used to keep the two halves of the beryllium neutron reflector from closing over the radioactive core. The experimenters were manually adjusting the separation of the halves to test radioactivity levels, which rose and fell based on what percentage of the incident neutrons were being reflected at the core.
When the screwdriver slipped, and the two halves closed, the reaction immediately went supercritical and released a staggering amount of ionizing radiation.
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