This is the strict theory of causality.
The idea is that things remain the same unless acted upon. The classic physics “A body in motion will remain in motion and a body at rest will remain at rest, unless they are acted upon by some force.”
There are problems with this theory, the decay of a radioactive atom is inconsistent with it, even though this is observed in experiments.
Perhaps if you described what aspect of the theory you’re having trouble understanding.
Think about dominos. The cause for the first domino falling, is you poking it. The cause of the second domino falling, is the first domino falling against it. So the consequence, or effect of the first domino falling, is the second domino falling.
In terms of historical references; in 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France had a protection agreement with Poland so they declared war on Germany, which started WWII. So (in this limited scope example) the cause of WWII is Germany attacking Poland. Or the effect/consequence of Nazi Germany attacking Poland is triggering a war with France and England.
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