I would simplify all of the above:
Absolute scale: a scale of measurement with a reference point consistent across all users. Eg – directing someone to a map coordinate. The scale of distance is based on the global origin of 0 degrees – the prime meridian in Greenwich.
Relative scale: a scale with a flexible reference point.
To use location as an example again – directing someone to move 5 miles west, as opposed to giving them a map coordinate. The distance instruction is based on the location of the person, rather than a globally understood reference point.
Arbitrary scale: a scale with no consistent reference point used for comparison, rather than measurement.
The sports brand Puma have a score for social responsibility in their annual report. There is no reference for this score, so globally it’s meaningless. However, it can be used year on year to show Puma’s success or failure, provided the same criteria are used for measurement.
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