What are classes of ships and submarines and why are they pigeonholed like that, even accross different countries?
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Most ship designs have an original ship, and then several ships based on the same design manufactured after. While some refinements may be made or variation for different specializations the general purpose, size and capability will be the same.
The “class” is traditionally named after the first ship of that design. The first Nimitz class carrier was the Nimitz, for example. It’s sister ships are very close in construction and capability so it’s safe to simply describe them all as their class for most purposes. Much like you can count on an F-150 to have certain stats and capabilities even with a bit of variation between option packages and such.
It you mean like…destroyer vs cruiser, that’s a more generalized description of their size, capability and purpose but is useful in the same way: for discussing capabilities, general purpose, etc..m without having to dive into the exact details of each vessel.
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