I believe you’re referring to the blue field entoptic phenomenon. I’ll just copy paste the wiki excerpt it’s good enough:
The dots are white blood cells moving in the capillaries in front of the retina of the eye.[5] Blue light (optimal wavelength: 430 nm) is absorbed by the red blood cells that fill the capillaries. The eye and brain “edit out” the shadow lines of the capillaries, partially by dark adaptation of the photoreceptors lying beneath the capillaries. The white blood cells, which are larger than red blood cells, but much rarer and do not absorb blue light, create gaps in the blood column, and these gaps appear as bright dots. The gaps are elongated because a spherical white blood cell is too wide for the capillary. Red blood cells pile up behind the white blood cell, showing up like a dark tail.[6] This behavior of the blood cells in the capillaries of the retina has been directly observed in human subjects by adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, a real time imaging technique for examining retinal blood flow.[7] The dots will not appear at the very center of the visual field, because there are no blood vessels in the foveal avascular zone.
Edit: I think maybe I should clarify one thing. Blood vessels to the inner retina are actually in front of the photoreceptors in your retina, so they block light, that’s why you see this effect.
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