While many things can *cause* headaches (dehydration, lack of sleep, loud noise, head injury, etc) I suspect that’s not what you’re asking.
If you’re wondering how they work… this is a mystery that nobody has an answer to. We can treat headaches with painkillers and they sort themselves out over time, but why they hurt? We have no idea.
It’s not like there are even any pain receptors within the brain itself. Indeed, it’s quite common during brain surgery for the patient to remain conscious, because the best way you can check you haven’t accidentally cut the wrong bit and given them a stroke is by asking them to talk and try to move their limbs and such. The patient can’t feel anything going on within the brain itself.
So why do we get headaches? Nobody knows. If you ever find out, the medical community will be thrilled.
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