Serving sizes are the arbitrary division of a food based on how much they expect you to eat or drink in one sitting.
For example, many drinks will based it on 8 or 12 oz, which is a serving of water. But some have begun to realize that you aren’t sharing a 20oz of Pepsi, and put the values for the whole bottle.
By giving the nutritional values based on a specific amount, the consumer can technically make a more informed decision on their eating habits. Though, packaging can still be deceiving.
For example, Pop-Tarts are given with a single pastry as the serving size, but they’re packaged in pairs. This makes it seem like a healthier option than other snacks, because the values are halved compared to what you are likely eating.
They’re specified by federal regulation, based on a surprisingly expansive survey of how much people eat.
> A serving size is the amount of food customarily consumed (i.e., typically eaten) in one sitting for that food (section 403(q)(1)(A)(i) of the FD&C Act).
>Serving sizes are determined from the RACCs established in [21 CFR 101.12(b)](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=101.12) and the procedures described in [21 CFR 101.9(b)](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.9).
> A serving size should be written in a common household measure (e.g., cup, tablespoon, piece, slice, fraction (e.g., 1/4 pizza), ounce (oz), fluid ounce (fl oz), or other common household equipment used to package food products (e.g., jar, tray)) as defined under 21 CFR 101.9(b)(5).
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