Ever since I started running, all I know is that I need to drink a sh*t ton of electrolytes. But I would like to understand why on a physiological level.
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The fluid in your cells contains electrolytes (mostly sodium and potassium chloride). Nature dislikes different concentrations of things to be around each other so it will try to make the concentrations the same. Sometimes this happens by moving the salt from one liquid to another but sometimes it can’t do this, but can move water. This process is called osmosis.
If you drink a lot of water then the cells will be more salty than the rest of your body and draw water into them. This leads to the cells swelling and ultimately bursting.
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