Whatever the manufacturer wants, really.
For Intel, the general idea is i3 = budget, i5 = good, i7 = high end, i9 = top of the line. The bigger the number after that, the more powerful.
They’ve been around for a long time so it’s hard to deduce anything specific from the number, like the number of cores. and i7 will definitely have more than an i3, but now many exactly varies.
Also different uses have different trade-offs. Less cores in some cases might actually better. In other cases, the more cores, the better. If you’re concerned about performance you should really find benchmarks of whatever you’re interested in — games, 3D rendering, etc, and deciding based on that.
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