Trees regulate how much energy they make by growing or shedding leaves, based on the availability of resources like sunlight and water. In temperate forests, deciduous (i.e. non-evergreen) trees grow leaves in the spring and summer when there’s more sunlight to support growth and shed them in the autumn and in periods of drought when they’re not growing as much and the leaves become more energetically costly to maintain than they’re worth. The size and shape of the leaves also plays a role.
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