I understand that it is necessary for broadcasters, wireless companies, etc for transmission. But there can only be a finite amount of spectrum. Has it all been used up? If there is some remaining then does the FCC hold it back? Do companies get more efficient in using it? If it is such a finite and valuable resource then wouldn’t companies pay a lot for their licenses?
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Spectrum is scarce and valuable because the tiny antenna in an iPhone can only access a narrow range of frequencies. All the cellphone companies would like to access all of them, as this would eliminate competitors. So, the FCC has a complex system for renting out vccess to them which seeks to preserve competition.
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