Is it a kind of dialect of a language like English, or a different form of the language, or a separate language altogether? And what qualifies a language as a Patois?
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It’s a derogative term for a regional language, usually that is somewhat close to the mainstream language of the country.
When it first entered the French dictionary in 1762 it was defined as “rustic, rude language, like one of peasants or low people”.
Overtime some continued to use it derogatively to look down on a language within the country, some took the word as a badge of regional pride, and in both cases linguists are cringing. It is not a technical linguistic term.
A French linguist famously said “French is just a successful patois” (ie. the one local speech that spread over hundreds of others).
As far as I’m aware it carried over to English pretty much the same.
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