It means taking in raw information and turning it into useful patterns. As an example, consider looking at a photograph. The raw information is the different spots of color on the photo. Your brain (via your eyes and optic nerve) takes in that raw information and works with it so you recognize it’s a photo of a dog. We can mimic this with a computer, too, but we haven’t been able to make computer programs yet that are nearly as good as the human brain at recognizing dogs.
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