It gives the answer to the question “How many times a number is multiplied to get the other number?”. It is a mathematic equation that makes it easier to represent trends in data that might be increasing exponentially.
For example if you had something that was increasing exponentially: bacteria reproduction or compounding interest, for example, where the numbers would double every few periods, it quickly becomes not very informative to show the increase in a linear fashion as the scaling becomes really a trend/curve. So instead you can plot it by using the Log of the number.
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