If you think of trying to open nuts with your fists, compared to with a nutcracker. The Enzyme is the nutcracker, it’s something that doesn’t itself spend any energy, but it helps with the transformation.
For a technical definition, they are proteins which help lower the transition state of a reaction. Chemical reactions normally go between two stable states, and require a certain amount of energy to get over the barrier between them. Sugar doesn’t catch fire at room temperature, but if you heat it up, it can burn. An enzyme will let sugar burn at room temperature, by lowering the activation energy. They do this by weakly binding to the right parts of the sugar molecule, so it can fall apart more easily.
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