I know they are relatively large countries that have been inhabited for a very long time, but so is Europe if taken as a whole. Yet Europe only has about half as many people as just one of these two countries. What historical factors lead to their massive populations?
In: Culture
One hypothesis is hunger. If you have a large enough population, 100,000 or more some people will be worse off than others, and some of them will go hungry. Others will see this and want to do something about it. Increasing food production should do the trick. But all that does is create a larger population with a bigger number of starving people. So you keep increasing food production every year to feed the starving masses, and it never helps. It only drives then population increase.
If your country has the resources, land, water, technology, etc, to keep producing more food then the population will also continue to get bigger. Yet the under privileged will continue to go hungry, and their numbers will continue to increase.
Wash, rinse, repeat.
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