It’s made of kevlar, a synthetic fiber that is very strong, or related material. When woven into a fabric it makes a very strong fabric that is resistant to the type of damage incurred when shot by a bullet. However the kevlar fabric is often not good enough as the force of the bullet is strong enough it wont penetrate the fabric but it’ll still penetrate you and just bring the fabric with. So a vest will also include inserts made of ceramic, fiberglass or metal, and padding. So the plating stops the bullet from penetrating and the fabric protects you from damage caused by shrapnel caused by a plate breaking or the bullet breaking on impact.
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