It increases the ratio of petrol to air. When the engine is cold, the petrol doesn’t evaporate as fast so having extra means that enough gets into the vapour state to explode when the spark tries to ignite it.
In an old style carburetor it deploys an extra valve which partially obstructs (chokes) the air intake, creating a higher vacuum as the piston pulls in the charge. This draws more petrol in.
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