A Fourier Transform is a way to split something complex into its simpler parts.
ELI5: Imagine you get served a cup of coffee with milk and sugar. You didn’t make it, so you don’t know how much beans, milk and sugar are in it. You only know the sum of the combined ingredients.
If you want to find out how much the constituent parts are, a Fourier transform could help you split it back out again. But then for maths (e.g. sines) and not for drinks of course.
It’s used a lot in signal processing.
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