Many things are happening in our brains!!! Encoding the information into short-term memory, rehearsal (repeating it over and over) helps transfer it to long-term, your brain starts to recognize patterns, you group phrases together into units so they become easier to remember, you might be associating things in the song with experiences/emotions, and then yes just repeated exposure over time does strengthen your recall.
Your brain can best be described as a prediction forming machine, it takes the actions and events from your life and builds predictive models it’s how you consistently perform certain actions, muscle memory is just your brain building and strengthening those neural pathways, this was fundamental for our early survival, same logic applies to memorization, you keep coming across that information over and over so your brain strengthens the neural pathways related to that to prepare you for the next time,
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