https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/iud
It is a small t-shaped piece of hormone-infused plastic, or of copper metal, that is placed right inside the cervix. The physical presence of the item makes the uterus less hospitable to hosting a developing egg, and the hormonal ones also help prevent implantation of an egg in some women as well.
It is more often used for birth control than for stopping periods, but for some women (like me) the hormonal type also cause the monthly cycle to stop. Many women will have the opposite result and have heavier periods, and for some it does not impact monthly bleeding at all.
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