Land is divided up by different boundaries that are defined on maps. We have national boundaries (which are already surveyed and marked), state boundaries (probably all surveyed and marked pretty well by now), county boundaries, city boundaries, and most importantly, individual parcel boundaries. Surveying is the job of taking those maps and legal definitions of property and marking them out on the actual land. Now I’d imagine GPS is used in some fashion, but in the old days it was all done with optical instruments, chains, and other tools.
Latest Answers