Oh boy!
So, go to your faucet and turn it on just a little bit, so it’s dripping.
Then turn it up just a little, until you get a nice smooth stream.
Then turn it on a bit more, and more, until the stream goes all bubbly and makes a wooshing noise.
There are specific transitions going on – the stream is called “laminar flow”, while the bubbles are called “turbulent flow”.
Laminar flow is an example of “order”, while turbulent flow is called “chaos”.
There are lots of mathematics that explain basically when and where you can expect to see those transitions from order to chaos and back again.
The mandelbrot set is sort of a huge map of most of those systems, and it turns out it’s generated by a really simple equation.
That’s the basics of it. The details are super fascinating too, but they tend to be a bit overwhelming for ELI5.
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