An AC system has two main components. The boz outside the house has a compressor motor and coolant pipes running from it to the indoor blower. The indoor unit uses a fan to pull warm air over a set of thin aluminum fins and tubes. The coolant from the outdoor unit pushes cold coolant through those tubes and when the warm air passes over them it gets cold. A fan is used to both suck in warm air and push up cold air. The entire process relies on the coolant getting cold. It gets cold because the compressor compresses it and then when it gets uncompressed it turns ice cold. This is similar to an can of compressed gas/liquid that feels cold when you release the pressure by holding down the nozzle.
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