Inside a hard drive specifically (hdd not ssd), is a little disc, beneath an arm kinda like a record player if you think about it.
So when something says that it’s writing, that information is being recorded on tiny moving parts (correct me if someone knows this is wrong, it’s just how I was taught). This is what makes the scratchy noise.
This is also why hdds are much more common to fault, as opposed to solid state drives (ssd) that have no moving parts
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