Take a piece of paper. Write “Hello” on it. Grab another piece of paper. Write “H” on it.
The two pages are the same size. Different amount of writing on each (Size) versus how much paper you took (Size on Disk).
The word “hello” might take up the same disk space as “h”. Yet obviously it is longer. And if your write more, more pages are needed, but you grab further full pages, not partial pages.
(Actually with modern filesystems there’s a bunch of optimisations for trivial examples but the idea is valid).
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