The CPU has a relatively small number of cores – up to 4 in home computers, and up to 32 in high end workstation CPUs. Each of these cores if very fast and can do lots of different kinds of calculations.
Meanwhile, a GPU has a large number of relatively weak cores, which specialize in calculations that are used mainly for displaying graphics. A single GPU core is much slower than a CPU core, but there are literally hundreds or even thousands of cores in the GPU, all calculating at the same time.
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