Its connected to sphincter muscle, just like your butt (how’s that for the 5 in ELI5). The hole in this case is the pupil.
The iris color is made of the same pigment (melanin) that colors your hair and skin and blood (why albinos sometimes have red eyes)
Darker colored irises help to block more sunlight from coming through the eye outsode the pupil, giving better vision in bright light, and adding protection from UV damage to the eye.
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