What is the reason we bend out arms when we run, but hold them straight when we walk?
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When we walk our arms swing like pendulums in a motion opposite to the swing of the legs. This keeps the angular momentum even without the body having to twist from side to side.
When we run, the arm motions are also helping us to lift off the ground between steps, so they need to punch up while the corresponding foot is on the ground and then come down again to help with lift.
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