Pumps. There was a small abandoned quarry behind my college that had turned into a lake. Fun place to have parties and go skinny dipping. But you could see the layout of it – the rail spur that came in, where a crane/gantry had been to load the rail cars, there were still some pump infrastructure in place that I guess wasn’t valuable enough to remove. Had closed before WWII.
I suspect this wasn’t strictly groundwater filling the quarry as the water level was roughly level with one of the practice fields, but it was very still water with a high temperature gradient. Very warm on the surface, but if you let your feet drop it was very cold.
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