Propeller doesn’t require combustion it just pushes air, same as a propeller in a boat. Rockets don’t require oxygen inlets, typically the fuel has it’s own oxygen for combustion.
A jet turbine uses the fans to feed air in and compress it then combusts the fuel in the compressed air to create thrust. Some jets, most commercial, just use the combustion as a means of driving more fans. But high performance jets, think miltary jets like the f16, can use the combustion in afterburners which makes the engine run more similar to a rocket. All are pretty similar but slight variations.
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