The Elephant’s foot is so radioactive because the elements in it have such a short half time. When it was first discovered in ’86 it was extremely radioactive, it is from this time most of the stories came from. At this time it would deliver a lethal dose in about 5 minutes. Since then the radioactivity have gone down quite a bit. By the mid ’90s people were actually safely going up to it for shorter amount of times and take samples from it. You could theoretically walk up to the Elephant’s foot today without any big concerns.
Adding to the complexity there are different types of nuclear radiation. In this case it is mostly alpha particles. It is the most damaging radiation but it does not penetrate much matter. It is therefore considered safe to be around as the radiation does not penetrate skin, but the dust of the radioactive material is highly dangerous because you can get it in your lungs and stomach where it is very dangerous. So a face mask would reduce the amount of radiation from visiting the Elephant’s foot by a huge amount.
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