Given your example, turn on the air on one room and open all doors to the other rooms, not to the outside. The room with the AC will be cooler, right? Because while the gas which carries heat diffuses it’s not really a closed system and it’s still exchaging heat with the outside. It’s not a thermodynamically closed system.
Well Earth is the same just in a much bigger scale. Different parts recieve different amounts of heat and while it travels. Wind is caused because of the different densities / temperatures (both are related). Earth still loses heat. Also given the Albedo effect, where there is Ice like the poles, more light/heat is reflected back into space.
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