What’s the difference between a neurologist, a neurosurgeon, a neuroscientist, and a neuropsychiatrist? And how is it different from encephalology?

Question

I’ve looked it up, but all of them essentially sound like the same thing to me. I’m aware that there’s probably some nuance, so that’s what I’m posting it here for.

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Answer 1

Using analogy in another field:

A neuroscientist is like a physiotherapist. They have trained in that field specifically, and are usually highly skilled, but not medical doctors.

Neurologists and neurosurgeons are medical doctors, like sports physicians and orthopaedic surgeons.

Neurosurgeons are like orthopaedic surgeons. They cut. They work out if surgery is needed and do it if so. If not, they usually don’t have an ongoing management role.

Neurologists are like sports physicians. They don’t do surgery, but do the other care that you doesn’t need surgery. Think Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy (without a surgical cure) etc.